Antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer's potential of Tetragonisca angustula (Jataí) stingless bee pollen.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the leading cause of dementia in the elderly worldwide. It results in progressive memory loss and impairment of cognitive and motor skills, leading to a high degree of disability and dependence. The development of AD is associated with the accumulation of senile plaques in the brain, caused by the amyloidogenic pathway of the disease. Several genetic and biochemical events are linked to AD development, with oxidative stress being one of them. Due to the scarcity of drugs aimed at treating AD, antioxidant compounds are increasingly studied as therapeutic targets for the disease. In this study, we investigate the antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer potential of the Tetragonisca angustula (Jataí) pollen extract in a Drosophila melanogaster Alzheimer's model. For this purpose, we utilized a D. melanogaster AD-like model, which expresses genes related to the amyloidogenic pathway of Alzheimer's disease. We explored the floral origin of the collected pollen, conducted phytochemical prospecting, and evaluated its antioxidant capacity in vitro. In vivo experiments involved assessing the survival and climbing ability of the D. melanogaster AD-like model with various concentrations of the pollen extract. Our findings revealed that the pollen extract of Tetragonisca angustula exhibits a significant antioxidant response and high concentrations of important phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and polyphenols. Furthermore, it enhanced the survival rate of D. melanogaster, and across all concentrations tested, it improved the climbing ability of the flies after 15 days of treatment with methanolic pollen extract. Additionally, the pollen extract reduced the neurodegeneration index in histopathological analysis. Thus, our study demonstrates the potential of Tetragonisca angustula pollen as an important subject for further investigation, aiming to isolate molecules that could potentially serve as therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease.

Palliative Care for the Elderly in the Healthcare System: A Scoping Review / Cuidado paliativo al anciano en la Red de Atención de Salud: una revisión de alcance / Cuidado paliativo à pessoa idosa na Rede de Atenção à Saúde: uma revisão de escopo

Objective: To map the scientific evidence related to the organization of palliative care practices provided for the elderly in the Healthcare System. Materials and methods: This is a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute's method. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus, VHL/Lilacs, Embase, and Cochrane databases, identifying 1,150 articles managed using the Endnote software. After the selection, the study sample consisted of 12 articles. The data were organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, submitted to descriptive analysis, and discussed with the literature. Results: The relevance of palliative care practices for older adults to be organized in the Healthcare System was noted, focusing on primary healthcare, at home, and interdisciplinary coordination. However, there is still a fragmented offer of this care with limited considerations regarding the challenges and possibilities of its effectiveness. Conclusions: The mapping of scientific evidence on the subject shows that discussions regarding the insertion of palliative care in the Healthcare System are modest. The studies explore the role of primary care as the organizer of these practices, although in a fragmented perspective, with limited coordination between the Healthcare System services.

Objetivo: mapear las evidencias científicas relacionadas con la organización de las prácticas de cuidado paliativo al anciano en la Red de Atención de Salud. Materiales y método: scoping review por el método Joanna Briggs Institute. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus, BVS/Lilacs, Embase y Cochrane, con identificación de 1150 artículos, los cuales fueron gerenciados por el software Endnote. Luego de la selección, 12 artículos compusieron la amuestra del estudio. Los datos se ordenaron en planilla del Microsoft Excel, se sometieron a análisis descriptivo y se discutieron con la literatura. Resultados: se observó que la organización de las prácticas de cuidado paliativo al adulto mayor desde la Red de Atención de Salud, con enfoque en la atención primaria de salud, en la residencia y en la articulación interdisciplinaria es importante. Sin embargo, aun hay fragmentación en la oferta de este cuidado, con limitadas consideraciones en cuanto a los retos y posibilidades de su efectuación en todos los niveles de atención. Conclusiones: el mapeo de las evidencias científicas sobre el tema demuestra que son modestas las discusiones en torno de la inserción de los cuidados paliativos en la Red. Los estudios exploran el rol de la atención primaria de salud como ordenadora de estas prácticas, aunque en una perspectiva fragmentada, con poca articulación entre los servicios de la Red.

Objetivo: mapear as evidências científicas relacionadas à organização das práticas do cuidado paliativo à pessoa idosa na Rede de Atenção à Saúde. Materiais e método: scoping review pelo método Joanna Briggs Institute. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus, BVS/Lilacs, Embase e Cochrane, sendo identificados 1150 artigos, os quais foram gerenciados pelo software Endnote. Após a seleção, 12 artigos compuseram a amostra do estudo. Os dados foram organizados em planilha do Microsoft Excel, submetidos à análise descritiva e discutidos com a literatura. Resultados: observou-se a importância de as práticas de cuidado paliativo à pessoa idosa serem organizadas na Rede de Atenção à Saúde, com foco na atenção primária à saúde, no domicílio e na articulação interdisciplinar. Contudo, ainda há fragmentação na oferta desse cuidado, com limitadas considerações quanto aos desafios e possibilidades da sua efetivação em todos os níveis de atenção. Conclusões: o mapeamento das evidências científicas sobre o tema mostra que são modestas as discussões em torno da inserção dos cuidados paliativos na Rede. Os estudos exploram o papel da atenção primária como ordenadora dessas práticas, ainda que em uma perspectiva fragmentada, com pouca articulação entre os serviços da Rede.

Identification of bioactive peptides from a Brazilian kefir sample, and their anti-Alzheimer potential in Drosophila melanogaster.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, affecting cognitive, intellectual, and motor functions. Different hypotheses explain AD's mechanism, such as the amyloidogenic hypothesis. Moreover, this disease is multifactorial, and several studies have shown that gut dysbiosis and oxidative stress influence its pathogenesis. Knowing that kefir is a probiotic used in therapies to restore dysbiosis and that the bioactive peptides present in it have antioxidant properties, we explored its biotechnological potential as a source of molecules capable of modulating the amyloidogenic pathway and reducing oxidative stress, contributing to the treatment of AD. For that, we used Drosophila melanogaster model for AD (AD-like flies). Identification of bioactive peptides in the kefir sample was made by proteomic and peptidomic analyses, followed by in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential. Flies were treated and their motor performance, brain morphology, and oxidative stress evaluated. Finally, we performed molecular docking between the peptides found and the main pathology-related proteins in the flies. The results showed that the fraction with the higher peptide concentration was positive for the parameters evaluated. In conclusion, these results revealed these kefir peptide-rich fractions have therapeutic potential for AD.

Differential gene expression by RNA-seq during Alzheimer's disease-like progression in the Drosophila melanogaster model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive, irreversible loss of memory and cognitive function. Drosophila melanogaster and other animal models are used to study several diseases, in order to elucidate unknown mechanisms and develop potential therapies. Molecular studies require biological samples and, for neuropathologies such as AD biopsy of the human brain, are invasive and potentially damaging. The solution is to use animal models, such as D. melanogaster, which is a model organism that can replace mammalian organisms in such studies. In this study, we evaluated the climbing ability and differential gene expression during AD progression due to the amylodoigenic pathway using RNA-seq, and we performed an in silico analysis of a fruit fly AD-like GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) model with GFP expression in the pan-neural elav driver. A total of 1388 genes were differentially expressed in all analyzed groups. The main pathways related to those Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) during aging and AD progression were evaluated using the fly genes and human orthologs, in order to link genomic information to higher-order functional information with gene pathway mapping. We identified pathways present in all analyzed groups, such as metabolic pathways, ribosomal pathways, proteasome pathways and immune system pathways. Some of the genes were validated by qPCR. Knockdown of CG17754 gene by RNAi promoted degeneration in the fly eye, validating these findings in vivo. The identification of similarities in molecular pathways between the transgenic fly AD-like GFP model and mammals related to AD provides new insights into the use of this fly in screening novel anti-AD drugs.

Vínculo, afeto, trabalho em saúde: aproximações ético-políticas sobre o cuidado / Bond, affection,work in health: ethical-political approaches to care

A presente pesquisa objetiva compreender os meandros que criam condições para o processo de construção dos vínculos entre usuários e profissionais dos serviços de saúde mental. Alinhado ao pensamento espinosano, situado no campo ético-político dos estudos sobre afeto, o percurso metodológico apresenta pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, advinda de dois campos: em uma cidade do nordeste e outra do sudeste brasileiro, nos respectivos CAPSad, em que se envolveram usuários e profissionais desses serviços. As narrativas produzidas, divididas em três eixos analíticos, evidenciaram que a linha tênue entre a possibilidade dos vínculos nestes serviços pode proporcionar autonomia e corresponsabilização ou podem contribuir para relações de dependência e institucionalização. Apontou-se que a racionalidade hegemônica, instrumental e biomédica, associada a condições de trabalho marcadas pela precarização e configuração institucional cujos poderes hierarquizam relações, podem atuar favorecendo práticas que anulam o "outro" no cuidado.(AU)

This research aims to understand the intricacies that create conditions for the process of building bonds between patients and professionals in mental health services. Aligned with the Spinozian thought, located in the ethical-political field of studies on affection, the methodological path presents qualitative research, coming from two fields: in a city in the northeast and another in the southeast of Brazil, in the respective Psychosocial Care Centers -Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad), in which patients were involved and professionals of these services The narratives produced, divided into three analytical axes, showed that the fine line between the possibility of bonds in these services can provide autonomy and co-responsibility or can contribute to dependency and institutionalization relationships. It was pointed out that the hegemonic rationality, with instrumental and biomedical characteristics, associated with working conditions marked by precariousness and institutional configuration whose powers hierarchize relationships, can act by favoring practices that nullify the "other" in care.(AU)

"Foguete ou tiro? ": a produção de subjetividade de juventudes a partir do território / "Rocket or shot? ": the production of youth subjectivity from the territory / "Fuegos artificiales o disparo?": la producción de subjetividad de juventud a partir del territorio

O presente artigo objetiva analisar os efeitos que o território produz na construção da subjetividade da população jovem moradora de um bairro periférico da cidade de Juiz de Fora/MG. A pesquisa se deu a partir do referencial metodológico da Pesquisa-Ação Participante de base qualitativa e tem como ferramenta de levantamento de informações o grupo focal, mediado pelo roteiro com perguntas disparadoras da discussão. Ao todo, participaram da pesquisa 10 jovens, entre meninas e meninos. Por meio dos grupos focais realizados, foi possível compreender que o território exerce grande influência na construção de subjetividades, principalmente no que tange à categoria juventude e, esse território, é perpassado por diversos outros fatores como a violência, o tráfico de drogas e o medo. Todas essas questões compõem as realidades e forjam conceitos sobre os sujeitos que as vivenciam, influenciando assim rotas, hábitos e sentimentos de pertencimento a um lugar.

This article aims to analyze the effects that the territory produces in the construction of the subjectivity of the young population, living in a peripheral neighborhood of the city of Juiz de Fora / MG. The research is based on the methodological framework of the Participatory Research-Participant Action and has as a tool for gathering information, the focus group, mediated by the script with questions triggering the discussion. Altogether, 10 young girls and boys participated in the research. Through the focus groups, it was possible to understand that the territory exerts a great influence in the construction of subjectivities, especially in the category of youth, and in this same territory, is crossed by several other factors such as violence, drug trafficking and fear. All these questions compose the realities and forge concepts about the subjects that inhabit them, thus influencing routes, habits and feelings of belonging to a place.

El presente artículo objetiva analizar los efectos que el territorio produce en la construcción de la subjetividad de la población joven, moradora de un barrio periférico de la ciudad de Juiz de Fora / MG. La investigación se dio a partir del referencial metodológico de la Investigación-Acción Participante de base cualitativa y, tiene como herramienta de levantamiento de informaciones, el grupo focal, mediado por el guión con preguntas disparadoras de la discusión. En total, participaron de la investigación 10 jóvenes, entre niñas y niños. A través de los grupos focales realizados, fue posible comprender que el territorio, atravesado por diversos factores como la violencia, el tráfico de drogas y el miedo, compone las realidades y forja conceptos sobre los sujetos que en ellas habitan, influenciando así rutas, hábitos y sentimientos de pertenencia a un lugar.

Efeito imediato da MWM de Mulligan em pacientes com dor no ombro / MWM Mulligan immediate effect on shoulder pain patients

Introdução: a dor no ombro leva a limitações e incapacidades entre adultos e idosos, merecendo atenção do fisioterapeuta. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito imediato da técnica de Mulligan em pacientes com dor no ombro. Metodologia: trata-se de resultados preliminares de um ensaio clínico realizado entre julho de 2018 a julho de 2019. Pacientes com dor no ombro (n=44), de ambos os sexos, foram randomizados e submetidos a dois protocolos de tratamento: exercícios terapêuticos (n=22) e MWM de Mulligan (n=22), atendidos na Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da UFBA. Todos os participantes responderam a um questionário clínico e sociodemográfico e realizaram avaliação da dor pela escala visual analógica (EVA) e algometria. Os pacientes foram tratados por dois fisioterapeutas experientes na área e, depois, foram reavaliados imediatamente. Resultados: mulheres predominaram, a média de idade foi de 56 anos no grupo Mulligan e 57 no grupo exercícios terapêuticos. Síndrome do manguito rotador predominou: 19 (86,4%) no grupo Mulligan e 15 (68%) no grupo exercícios. O ombro mais acometido foi o direito no Grupo Mulligan, (17 (77,3%); já no grupo exercícios, foi o esquerdo com 12 (55%). A cor negra foi a mais autorrelatada pelos pacientes, e poucos tinham o ensino superior completo. No grupo Mulligan, as ocupações mais informadas foram dona de casa, seguida de aposentados e autônomos. No grupo exercícios, não houve dona de casa, e sim mais aposentados e autônomos. Os dois grupos mostraram ser mais sedentários. Não houve diferença da dor pela EVA entre os grupos, antes e após o tratamento (p=0.79, p=0.56, respectivamente). Já a intensidade da dor mensurada pela algometria, tanto antes do tratamento (p=0.008) quanto depois do tratamento (p=0.04), foi diferente entre os grupos, com predomínio de melhora no grupo Exercícios. Conclusão: a MWM não foi mais eficaz que os exercícios terapêuticos na redução da dor do ombro, sendo que o exercício apresentou mais eficácia quando medido através da EVA e sem melhora significativa ao ser mensurada pela algometria após aplicação de uma única sessão de tratamento.

Introduction: shoulder pain leads to limitations and disabilities among adults and the elderly deserving attention from the physiotherapist. Objective: to evaluate the immediate effect of the Mulligan technique in patients with shoulder pain. Methodology: these are preliminary results of a clinical trial conducted from July 2018 to July 2019. Patients (n=44) with shoulder pain of both sexes were randomized and submitted to two treatment protocols: therapeutic exercises (n = 22) and Mulligan's MWM (n = 22) attended at the UFBA School of Physiotherapy Clinic. All participants answered a clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire and underwent pain assessment by visual analog scale (VAS) and algometry. The patients were treated by two experienced physiotherapists and then reassessed immediately. Results: women predominated, the average age was 56 years in the Mulligan group and 57 in the therapeutic exercises group. Rotator cuff syndrome predominated, 19 (86.4%) in the Mulligan group and 15 (68%) in the exercise group. The most affected shoulder was the right shoulder in the Mulligan Group (17 (77.3%), while in the exercise group was the left shoulder with 12 (55%).The black color was the most self-reported by the patients and few patients had higher education. In the Mulligan group the most informed occupations were housewife followed by retirees and self-employed. In the exercise group we had no housewife but more retired and self-employed. The two groups were more sedentary. There was no difference in VAS pain between the groups before and after treatment (p = 0.79, p = 0.56, respectively), while pain intensity measured by algometry both before treatment (p = 0.008) and after treatment (p = 0.04) was different between Conclusion: Mulligan's MWM was not more effective than exercise in reducing shoulder pain, and exercise was more effective when measured by VAS and without significant improvement when measured by algometry after applying a single treatment session.

Endophytic fungi from Passiflora incarnata: an antioxidant compound source.

Endophytes are considered one of the most important microbial resources for obtaining biomolecules of therapeutic use. Passiflora incarnata, widely employed by the pharmaceutical industry, shows therapeutic effects on anxiety, nervousness, constipation, dyspepsia and insomnia based on their antioxidant compounds. In this study, from 315 endophytic fungi isolated from P. incarnata leaves, 60 were selected to determinate presence of chemical constituents related with antioxidant activity, based on their production of soluble pigments. The promising fungi were evaluated specifically on their potential to produce phenolic compounds, flavonoids and for antioxidant activity. Five isolates significantly produced flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate and n-Butanol extracts, also saponins and high antioxidant activity against the DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical. A strain of Aspergillus nidulans var. dentatus (former Emericella dentata) was able to produce tannins as well; its butanolic extract was very similar than the BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) (94.3% × 94.32%) and Rutin (95.8%) reference substances in the DPPH radical scavenging. Similarly, a Chaetomium strain exhibited 93.6% and 94.7% of antioxidant activity in their ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions, respectively. The chromatographic analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction from the Aspergillus strain revealed the production of orcinol (3.19%). Four-methoxymethylphenol (4.79%), sorbicillin (33.59%) and ergosterol (23.08%) was produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum and isopropenyl-1,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydroazulene were found in two Fusarium oxysporum strains. The phytochemical screening showed that all analyzed fungi were able to produce a kind of secondary metabolite (phenols, flavonoids, tannins and/or saponins). The study shows a great underexplored potential for industrial application of P. incarnata endophytes.

Morada Nova sheep breed: Resistant or resilient to Haemonchus contortus infection?

Morada Nova is a Brazilian hair sheep breed that is well adapted to the country's mainly tropical climate and has good potential for meat and leather production. This breed is reported to be resistant to Haemonchus contortus infection, a highly desired characteristic due to the large impact of this parasite on sheep farming. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize 287 recently weaned Morada Nova lambs and 123 ewes in relation to their resistance against H. contortus. The animals were dewormed and 15 days later artificially infected with 4000 H. contortus L3 (D0). They were individually monitored by periodic assessment of fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and live weight (LW). On D42, the sheep were again dewormed and submitted to a new parasitic challenge, following the same scheme. The animals of each category (lambs and ewes) were ranked according to individual mean FEC values, and classified as resistant (R, 20%), intermediate (I, 60%), or susceptible (S, 20%) to H. contortus infection. At weaning, high FEC were observed in all three phenotypes (P>0.05). After the artificial infections, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) among the three lamb phenotypes for the mean FEC (RI > S), and LW (R=I > S). The infection levels (FEC) were negatively correlated with PCV (r = -0.66; P<0.001), and LW (r = -0.30; P<0.001). Despite this, the lambs were resilient, since more than 88% of these animals maintained the PCV above 24%, even when heavily infected. The importance of selective parasite control before weaning to reduce the negative impact on slaughter weight was evidenced, taking into account the high positive correlation between LW at weaning and final LW (r=0.73; P<0.001). The ewes, in turn, were strongly resistant to the parasite. Despite highly significant differences (P<0.001) for mean FEC between phenotypes (R0.05). With the phenotypic characterization performed here, it is possible to introduce procedures for parasite control in Morada Nova flocks, facilitating the target-selective treatment approach. The results of this study can also support improvement of meat production by the Morada Nova breed.

Morada Nova sheep breed: Resistant or resilient to Haemonchus contortus infection?

Morada Nova is a Brazilian hair sheep breed that is well adapted to the country's mainly tropical climate and has good potential for meat and leather production. This breed is reported to be resistant to Haemonchus contortus infection, a highly desired characteristic due to the large impact of this parasite on sheep farming. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize 287 recently weaned Morada Nova lambs and 123 ewes in relation to their resistance against H. contortus. The animals were dewormed and 15 days later artificially infected with 4000 H. contortus L3 (D0). They were individually monitored by periodic assessment of fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and live weight (LW). On D42, the sheep were again dewormed and submitted to a new parasitic challenge, following the same scheme. The animals of each category (lambs and ewes) were ranked according to individual mean FEC values, and classified as resistant (R, 20%), intermediate (I, 60%), or susceptible (S, 20%) to H. contortus infection. At weaning, high FEC were observed in all three phenotypes (P > 0.05). After the artificial infections, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) among the three lamb phenotypes for the mean FEC (R < I < S), PCV (R > I > S), and LW (R = I > S). The infection levels (FEC) were negatively correlated with PCV (r = -0.66; P < 0.001), and LW (r = -0.30; P < 0.001). Despite this, the lambs were resilient, since more than 88% of these animals maintained the PCV above 24%, even when heavily infected. The importance of selective parasite control before weaning to reduce the negative impact on slaughter weight was evidenced, taking into account the high positive correlation between LW at weaning and final LW (r = 0.73; P < 0.001). The ewes, in turn, were strongly resistant to the parasite. Despite highly significant differences (P < 0.001) for mean FEC between phenotypes (R < I < S), 98% of the ewes maintained FEC below 4000 EPG. Their health was not affected, since PCV and LW did not differ between phenotypes, and these parameters were not significantly correlated with FEC (P > 0.05). With the phenotypic characterization performed here, it is possible to introduce procedures for parasite control in Morada Nova flocks, facilitating the target-selective treatment approach. The results of this study can also support improvement of meat production by the Morada Nova breed.

Identification of appropriate reference genes for local immune-related studies in Morada Nova sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus.

Due to the great economic impact of Haemonchus contortus on sheep farming, there is an increasing number of studies addressing host resistance against this nematode, including identification of directly related immune mechanisms. In this context, relative gene expression by RT-qPCR have been largely used, due to its rapidity, high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. Although, appropriate reference gene selection is crucial for accurate interpretation of results. In this study, five reference genes (GAPDH, G6PDH, YWHAZ, ACTB, and B2M) were tested for expression stability in abomasum (fundic and pyloric regions) and abomasal lymph nodes of Morada Nova sheep classified as resistant (n = 5) or susceptible (n = 5) to H. contortus infection in a flock of 151 animals. GAPDH combined with YWHAZ were selected as reference genes for abomasal fundic region and abomasal lymph nodes, whereas YWHAZ was the most stable gene for abomasal pyloric region. These genes presented the lowest intra- and inter-group variations and, consequently, highest stability. In contrast, expression of G6PDH was the least stable in all tissues. The impact of reference gene selection was demonstrated by relative quantification of a pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα) in abomasal fundic region. Significant differences in TNFα expression levels between resistant and susceptible groups were only observed when the most stable genes (GAPDH combined with YWHAZ) or GAPDH were used as reference genes, whereas no significant differences were observed when other tested reference genes were used. It was demonstrated that normalization of expression data using inappropriate reference genes may significantly influence interpretation results.

Pesquisa dos fatores de risco para quedas na população idosa de uma unidade básica do município de Itaúna - MG / Research of risk factors for falls in the elderly population of a basic unit of of Itaúna - MG

Introdução: As quedas constituem um problema de saúde pública e de grande impacto social nos países em que ocorre expressivo envelhecimento populacional. As quedas respondem mais de 50% das hospitalizações relacionadas a ferimentos ocorridas entre as pessoas com mais de 65 anos de idade. As quedas ocorrem devido à perda de equilíbrio postural e podem ser decorrentes de problemas primários do sistema osteoarticular/ neurológico ou condição clínica adversa que afete secundariamente os mecanismos do equilíbrio e estabilidade. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de risco para quedas na população idosa de uma unidade básica de saúde em Itaúna - MG. Metodologia: Realizou-se pesquisa nas bases de dados científicos on line (Google Acadêmico e SciELO), bem como em Manuais de Prevenção de Quedas em Idosos. Foram selecionados 84 prontuários de pacientes idosos, os quais abordados por meio de um formulário. Resultados: Em nossa abordagem, o fator de risco no qual os idosos estavam mais expostos foram corredores e banheiros em que 51 idosos não possuíam estrutura segura com barras de apoio e corrimãos. A marcha instável atingia 79% dos idosos e 69% apresentavam baixa acuidade visual. Vários fatores de risco tèm relação com o poder aquisitivo da população estudada como móveis inadequados (62%), iluminação (40%) e piso irregular (29%). Conclusões: O tema queda em idosos, a compreensão dos fatores de risco e adoção de medidas preventivas são fundamentais para qualquer profissional da saúde. A prevenção de quedas é importante, pois reduz morbimortalidade, custos hospitalares e asilamento consequente. (AU)

Introduction: Falls are a public health problem with great social impact in countries where there is a significant population aging. Falls account for 20% to 30% of minor injuries and more than 50% of hospitalizations related to injuries occurring among people over 65 years of age. Falls occur due to loss of postural balance, both resulting from primary problems of the osteoarticular/neurological system, from an adverse clinical condition or secondarily affects the mechanisms of balance and stability. Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for falls in the elderly population of a primary health unit in Itaúna - MG. Methodology: Research was carried out in the online scientific databases (Google Scholar and SciELO), as well as Manuals for Prevention of Falls in the Elderly. We selected 84 medical records of elderly patients, which were addressed through a form. Results: In our approach, the risk factor in which the elderly were most exposed were corridors and bathrooms in which 51 elderly people did not have a safe structure with grab bars and handrails. The unstable gait reached 79% of the elderly, and 69% had low visual acuity. Several risk factors are related to the purchasing power of the studied population as inadequate furniture (62%), lighting (40%) and irregular flooring (29%). Conclusions: The fall in the elderly, the understanding of risk factors and the adoption of preventive measures are fundamental for any health professional. The prevention of falls is important, as it reduces morbidity and mortality, hospital costs and consequent isolation. (AU)

Carcinoma de paratireoide: um relato de caso / Parathyroid carcinoma: case report

O carcinoma de paratireoide (CP) constitui entidade patológica incomum e detentora de peculiaridades propedêutico-terapêuticas. Em geral, apresenta-se como hiperparatireoidismo primário sintomático, no qual corresponde a somente 1% nesse subgrupo. O diagnóstico de CP é difícil, tanto clínico quanto histológico, devido à inconstância de critérios. Laboratorialmente, é comum apresentar hipercalcemia e PTH bastante acima do valor de referência. A cirurgia é o único tratamento curativo e efetivo para o carcinoma de paratireoide. Relato de caso: Paciente M.P.R.L., 48 anos, sexo feminino, melanodérmica, natural e procedente de Felisburgo ­ MG. Evoluíra há 02 anos com fraqueza progressiva, anemia, disfunção renal, dores crônicas e perda ponderal (cerca de 15 kg nos últimos cinco meses), associada a hipercalcemia PTH-dependente e declínio da função renal. Estudo ultrassonográfico (USG) de região cervical demonstrou presença de dois nódulos tireoideanos e cintilografia de paratireoides sem evidências de hiperplasia ou adenoma das glândulas. Foi admitida no Hospital Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte para seguimento propedêutico e terapêutico do quadro apresentado (AU)

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an uncommon pathology which has propaedeutic and therapeutic peculiarities. In general, it presents as symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, that corresponds to only 1% in this subgroup. Both the clinical and histological diagnosis of PC are difficult due to inconsistent criteria. Laboratorial exams commonly present hypercalcemia and PTH well-above the reference value. Surgery is the only curative and effective treatment for parathyroid carcinoma. Case report: Patient M.P.R.L., 48 years old, female, melanodermic, native and from Felisburgo - MG. The disease had been progressing for 2 years with progressive weakness, anemia, renal dysfunction, chronic pain and weight loss (about 15 kg in last five months), associated with PTH-dependent hypercalcemia and renal function decline. A cervical study showed the presence of two thyroid nodules whereas a parathyroid scintigraphy showed no evidence of glands hyperplasia or adenoma. She was admitted to the Santa Casa Hospital of Belo Horizonte for a propaedeutic and therapeutic management of the presented profile. (AU)

Descrição anatômica do plexo braquial de Callithrix jacchus e Callithrix penicillata / Anatomic description of brachial plexus of Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata

Callithrix jacchus e Callithrix penicillata são primatas de pequeno porte cuja utilização como modelo anatômico tem se mostrado cada vez mais frequente, não somente pela praticidade no manuseio como facilidade no trato em criatório e sua taxa de reprodução. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os componentes dos plexos braquial em Callithrix jacchus e penicillata. Para tanto, três espécimes com aproximadamente 8 anos e 240 g foram fixados em solução de formaldeído a 10%, e posteriormente dissecados e fotodocumentados. O plexo braquial do Callithrix jacchus e penicillata originou-se dos nervos espinhais C5 a T1 constituindo os troncos cranial, médio e caudal. A composição do plexo braquial destes animais se assemelha ao de outros primatas, bem como a outros mamíferos.(AU)

Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata are small primates used as anatomic model, not only for convenience in handling as ease in regard to breeding and reproductive rate. The aim of this study was to describe the components of the brachial plexus in Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata. Three specimens about 8 years old and weighing 240g were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and subsequently dissected and photodocumented. The brachial plexus of Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata originates from the spinal nerves C5 to T1 in continuation of the cranial, medium and flow trunk. The composition of the brachial plexus of these animals is similar to the one of other primates ands other mammals.(AU)

Avaliação morfológica dos hepatócitos de ratos diabéticos tratados com neem (azadirachta indica, a. Juss) e estreptozootocina 6 ch / Morphological evaluation of hepatocytes from diabetic rats treated with neem (azadirachta indica, a. Juss) and streptozotocin 6 ch

Foram avaliados os efeitos de extratos de Azadirachta indica, A. Juss e da estreptozootocina em ultra-alta diluições em sistemas dinamizados, sobre a morfologia dos hepatócitos de ratos com diabetes mellitus induzida por estreptozootocina. A análise histológica dos hepatócitos, mediante a coloração por hematoxilina e eosina, revelou que o diabetes mellitus não alterou a estrutura destas células durante os 30 dias de período experimental, assim como, não afetou a síntese e o armazenamento de glicogênio hepático, fato este evidenciado pela coloração por PAS/Hematoxilina. Não foram detectadas diferenças morfológicas entre os grupos experimentais analisados, indicando que as substâncias hipoglicemiantes administradas, também não exerceram nenhum efeito sobre o fígado dos animais.

The effects of extracts from Azadirachta indica, A. Juss, and streptozotocin in extreme high dilutions in dinamized systems on hepatocyte morphology of rats with diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin were evaluated. The histological analysis of hepatocytes after Hematoxylin and Eosin staining evidenced that the diabetes mellitus did not alter the structure of these cells during the experimental period (30 days), as well as did not affect the synthesis and storage of hepatic glycogen when PAS/Hematoxylin staining was used. Morphological differences were not detected among the experimental groups, indicating that the hypoglycemiant substances tested in this present experiment did not cause any effect on animal liver.